Based on these findings, I argue that Bourdieu‘s concept of symbolic violence envelopes contemporary Canadian newspapers and I suggest that journalists must incorporate alternative images and discourses to challenge these problematic communication practices. Meanwhile, politicians and political commentators frequently exploit the ambiguity of gangs, applying its rhetoric to opponents and evoking criminal connotations in mediated debates. Though reporters have been covering suburban gangs for decades, they continue to place gangs in the ―inner city, which fits better with imagery from the Manhattan musical. In the course of my work, I examine how popular films like West Side Story inform journalists‘ descriptions of gangs. I build on Pierre Bourdieu‘s theoretical framework to probe this ambiguity, seeking to provide context and critical assessments that will improve crime reporting and its reception. While the term "gang" often refers to violent groups of young urban males, it can also signify outlaw bikers, organized crime, terrorist cells, non-criminal social groups, and a wide array of other collectives. In this integrated-article dissertation, I examine representations of gangs in Canadian journalism, focusing primarily on contemporary newspaper reporting.
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